James River Announces First Quarter 2023 Results

May 2, 2023

PEMBROKE, Bermuda, May 02, 2023 (GLOBE NEWSWIRE) -- James River Group Holdings, Ltd. ("James River" or the "Company") (NASDAQ: JRVR) today reported first quarter 2023 net income available to common shareholders of $7.0 million ($0.18 per diluted share), compared to net income available to common shareholders of $9.3 million ($0.25 per diluted share) for the first quarter of 2022. Adjusted net operating income1 for the first quarter of 2023 was $21.6 million ($0.56 per diluted share), compared to adjusted net operating income1 of $13.9 million ($0.37 per diluted share) for the first quarter of 2022.

First Quarter 2023 Highlights:

  • Group combined ratio of 94.9% and Excess and Surplus Lines ("E&S") segment combined ratio of 86.8% on business not subject to retroactive reinsurance accounting for loss portfolio transfers (the "combined ratio"). Unless specified otherwise, all underwriting performance ratios presented herein are for our business not subject to retroactive reinsurance accounting for loss portfolio transfers ("LPTs").
  • E&S segment gross and net written premium growth of 12.1% and 17.3%, respectively, due to strong growth from our larger underwriting divisions, broad based renewal rate increases and increased net retention.
  • E&S segment renewal rates increased 8.9%, with all underwriting divisions reporting positive pricing increases.
  • Net investment income increased 58.4% compared to the prior year quarter, and 12.9% sequentially due to higher income from most asset classes.
  • Adjusted net operating return on tangible common equity excluding accumulated other comprehensive loss ("AOCI")1 of 16.3%.

Frank D'Orazio, the Company’s Chief Executive Officer, commented on the first quarter, “Buoyed by strong growth and attractive renewal rates in our E&S segment, solid underwriting profitability and meaningful contributions from our investment portfolio, James River produced another outstanding quarter of attractive returns, including our strongest quarterly adjusted net operating income in more than three years. With the Company repositioned around its core strengths, we believe James River is well poised to continue to deliver excellent underwriting performance and compelling shareholder returns.”

______________________
1 Adjusted net operating income and adjusted net operating return on tangible common equity excluding AOCI are non-GAAP financial measures. See “Non-GAAP Financial Measures” and “Reconciliation of Non-GAAP Financial Measures” at the end of this press release.

First Quarter 2023 Operating Results

  • Gross written premium of $363.9 million, consisting of the following:

  Three Months Ended
March 31,
 
($ in thousands)   2023     2022   % Change
Excess and Surplus Lines $ 228,903   $ 204,282   12 %
Specialty Admitted Insurance   124,551     125,710   (1 )%
Casualty Reinsurance   10,439     29,944   (65 )%
  $ 363,893   $ 359,936   1 %
                 
  • Net written premium of $183.2 million, consisting of the following:

  Three Months Ended
March 31,
 
($ in thousands)   2023     2022   % Change
Excess and Surplus Lines $ 147,430   $ 125,710   17 %
Specialty Admitted Insurance   26,725     20,205   32 %
Casualty Reinsurance   9,065     29,944   (70 )%
  $ 183,220   $ 175,859   4 %
                 
  • Net earned premium of $208.1 million, consisting of the following:

  Three Months Ended
March 31,
 
($ in thousands)   2023     2022   % Change
Excess and Surplus Lines $ 151,359   $ 131,301   15 %
Specialty Admitted Insurance   20,481     19,318   6 %
Casualty Reinsurance   36,273     39,205   (7)%
  $ 208,113   $ 189,824   10 %
                 
  • E&S segment gross written premium increased 12.1% compared to the prior year quarter, while net written premium increased 17.3% due to both strong growth and higher net retention within our excess casualty unit. Premium growth for the segment was led by our larger underwriting divisions, with particular strength in excess casualty, excess property and manufacturers and contractors. Renewal rate increases were 8.9% during the first quarter of 2023, representing the twenty-fifth consecutive quarter of renewal rate increases compounding to 67.7%.
  • Gross written premium for the Specialty Admitted Insurance segment decreased 0.9% from the prior year quarter. During the quarter there was a combined 7.1% reduction to premium from our individual risk workers' compensation business and our large workers' compensation fronted program, which was partially offset by growth in our remaining fronting and program business.
  • Gross written premium in the Casualty Reinsurance segment totaled $10.4 million and was related to premium adjustments on in-force treaties. As was previously disclosed, we have suspended underwriting business in our Casualty Reinsurance segment and there were no treaties written or renewed during the first quarter. The earning pattern of the business can extend over multiple years and declines in net earned premium for this segment will lag written premium. We expect to continue to report earned premium over the next several quarters.
  • Pre-tax favorable (unfavorable) reserve development by segment on business not subject to retroactive reinsurance accounting for loss portfolio transfers was as follows:
  Three Months Ended
March 31,
($ in thousands)   2023       2022  
Excess and Surplus Lines $ 324     $ 59  
Specialty Admitted Insurance   171       (63 )
Casualty Reinsurance   (1,857 )     (6,800 )
  $ (1,362 )   $ (6,804 )
               
  • During the first quarter of 2023, for business not subject to LPTs, the Company reported modest favorable reserve development in E&S and Specialty Admitted, and $1.9 million of adverse development in Casualty Reinsurance.
  • The Company recognized adverse prior year development of $41.0 million on the reserves subject to the Commercial Auto LPT, which provides unlimited coverage, and $7.8 million on the reserves subject to the Casualty Reinsurance LPT. Retroactive benefits of $32.0 million were recorded in loss and loss adjustment expenses and the deferred retroactive reinsurance gain on the Balance Sheet is $37.0 million.
  • Gross fee income was as follows:
  Three Months Ended
March 31,
 
($ in thousands)   2023     2022   % Change
Specialty Admitted Insurance $ 5,711   $ 5,558   3 %
                 
  • The consolidated expense ratio was 28.4% for the first quarter of 2023, which was an increase from 26.0% in the prior year first quarter. The expense ratio was primarily impacted by changes in reinsurance cessions in both E&S and Specialty Admitted segments that resulted in a lower level of ceding commissions in the current period.

Investment Results

Net investment income for the first quarter of 2023 was $25.8 million, an increase of 58.4% compared to $16.3 million for the same period in 2022. Growth in income was broad-based across the portfolio, driven by higher yields and growth from positive operating cash flow. During the first quarter of 2023, the Company received $1.2 million of additional proceeds from a renewable energy investment that was sold during the fourth quarter of 2022. This payment was reflected in investment income.

The Company’s net investment income consisted of the following:

  Three Months Ended
March 31,
 
($ in thousands)   2023     2022   % Change
Renewable Energy Investments $ 1,255   $ 2,682   (53 )%
Other Private Investments   336     217   55 %
All Other Net Investment Income   24,181     13,368   81 %
Total Net Investment Income $ 25,772   $ 16,267   58 %

The Company’s annualized gross investment yield on average fixed maturity, bank loan and equity securities for the three months ended March 31, 2023 was 4.2% (versus 3.0% for the three months ended March 31, 2022). The investment yield increased primarily as a result of higher market yields on fixed maturity securities and bank loans.

Net realized and unrealized gains on investments of $0.4 million for the three months ended March 31, 2023 compared to net realized and unrealized losses on investments of $5.0 million in the prior year quarter. The majority of the realized and unrealized gains during the first quarter of 2023 were related to changes in fair values of our secured bank loan portfolio, partially offset by a decline in the fair value of preferred and common equity securities.

Taxes

The Company's effective tax rate fluctuates from period to period based on the relative mix of income reported by country and the respective tax rates imposed by each tax jurisdiction. The effective tax rate for the three months ended March 31, 2023 was 24.6%.

Tangible Equity

Tangible equity2 of $555.4 million at March 31, 2023 increased 10.8% compared to tangible equity of $501.2 million at December 31, 2022, due to strong earnings and a decrease in unrealized losses in the Company's fixed maturity portfolio. AOCI improved by $30.9 million during the first quarter of 2023, due to an increase in the value of the Company's fixed maturity securities.

Tangible equity excluding AOCI was $687.5 million at March 31, 2023 compared to $664.3 million at December 31, 2022, with the increase primarily driven by positive net income available to common shareholders during the first quarter of 2023.

Capital Management

The Company announced that its Board of Directors declared a cash dividend of $0.05 per common share. This dividend is payable on Friday, June 30, 2023 to all shareholders of record on Monday, June 12, 2023.

______________________
2 Tangible equity is a non-GAAP financial measure. See “Non-GAAP Financial Measures” and “Reconciliation of Non-GAAP Financial Measures” at the end of this press release.

Conference Call

James River will hold a conference call to discuss its first quarter results tomorrow, May 3, 2023 at 9:00 a.m. Eastern Time. Investors may access the conference call by dialing (800) 715-9871, Conference ID 3174764, or via the internet by visiting www.jrvrgroup.com and clicking on the “Investor Relations” link. A webcast replay of the call will be available by visiting the company website.

Forward-Looking Statements

This press release contains forward-looking statements as that term is defined in the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995. In some cases, such forward-looking statements may be identified by terms such as believe, expect, seek, may, will, should, intend, project, anticipate, plan, estimate, guidance or similar words. Forward-looking statements involve risks and uncertainties that could cause actual results to differ materially from those in the forward-looking statements. Although it is not possible to identify all of these risks and uncertainties, they include, among others, the following: the inherent uncertainty of estimating reserves and the possibility that incurred losses may be greater than our loss and loss adjustment expense reserves; inaccurate estimates and judgments in our risk management may expose us to greater risks than intended; downgrades in the financial strength rating of our regulated insurance subsidiaries impacting our ability to attract and retain insurance and reinsurance business that our subsidiaries write, our competitive position, and our financial condition; the potential loss of key members of our management team or key employees and our ability to attract and retain personnel; adverse economic factors resulting in the sale of fewer policies than expected or an increase in the frequency or severity of claims, or both; the impact of a persistent high inflationary environment on our reserves, the values of our investments and investment returns, and our compensation expenses; exposure to credit risk, interest rate risk and other market risk in our investment portfolio; reliance on a select group of brokers and agents for a significant portion of our business and the impact of our potential failure to maintain such relationships; reliance on a select group of customers for a significant portion of our business and the impact of our potential failure to maintain, or decision to terminate, such relationships; our ability to obtain reinsurance coverage at prices and on terms that allow us to transfer risk, adequately protect our company against financial loss and that supports our growth plans; losses resulting from reinsurance counterparties failing to pay us on reinsurance claims, insurance companies with whom we have a fronting arrangement failing to pay us for claims, or a former customer with whom we have an indemnification arrangement failing to perform its reimbursement obligations, and our potential inability to demand or maintain adequate collateral to mitigate such risks; inadequacy of premiums we charge to compensate us for our losses incurred; changes in laws or government regulation, including tax or insurance law and regulations; changes in U.S. tax laws and the interpretation of certain provisions of Public Law No. 115-97, informally titled the 2017 Tax Cuts and Jobs Act (including associated regulations), which may be retroactive and could have a significant effect on us including, among other things, by potentially increasing our tax rate, as well as on our shareholders; in the event we do not qualify for the insurance company exception to the passive foreign investment company (“PFIC”) rules and are therefore considered a PFIC, there could be material adverse tax consequences to an investor that is subject to U.S. federal income taxation; the Company or any of its foreign subsidiaries becoming subject to U.S. federal income taxation; a failure of any of the loss limitations or exclusions we utilize to shield us from unanticipated financial losses or legal exposures, or other liabilities; losses from catastrophic events, such as natural disasters and terrorist acts, which substantially exceed our expectations and/or exceed the amount of reinsurance we have purchased to protect us from such events; the effects of the COVID-19 pandemic and associated government actions on our operations and financial performance; potential effects on our business of emerging claim and coverage issues; the potential impact of internal or external fraud, operational errors, systems malfunctions or cyber security incidents; our ability to manage our growth effectively; failure to maintain effective internal controls in accordance with the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, as amended (“Sarbanes-Oxley”); changes in our financial condition, regulations or other factors that may restrict our subsidiaries’ ability to pay us dividends; and an adverse result in any litigation or legal proceedings we are or may become subject to. Additional information about these risks and uncertainties, as well as others that may cause actual results to differ materially from those in the forward-looking statements, is contained in our filings with the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission ("SEC"), including our most recently filed Annual Report on Form 10-K. These forward-looking statements speak only as of the date of this release and the Company does not undertake any obligation to update or revise any forward-looking information to reflect changes in assumptions, the occurrence of unanticipated events, or otherwise.

Non-GAAP Financial Measures

In presenting James River Group Holdings, Ltd.’s results, management has included financial measures that are not calculated under standards or rules that comprise accounting principles generally accepted in the United States (“GAAP”). Such measures, including underwriting profit (loss), adjusted net operating income, tangible equity, tangible common equity, adjusted net operating return on tangible equity (which is calculated as annualized adjusted net operating income divided by the average quarterly tangible equity balances in the respective period), and adjusted net operating return on tangible common equity excluding AOCI (which is calculated as annualized adjusted net operating income (loss) divided by the average quarterly tangible common equity balances in the respective period, excluding AOCI), are referred to as non-GAAP measures. These non-GAAP measures may be defined or calculated differently by other companies. These measures should not be viewed as a substitute for those measures determined in accordance with GAAP. Reconciliations of such measures to the most comparable GAAP figures are included at the end of this press release.

About James River Group Holdings, Ltd.

James River Group Holdings, Ltd. is a Bermuda-based insurance holding company that owns and operates a group of specialty insurance and reinsurance companies. The Company operates in three specialty property-casualty insurance and reinsurance segments: Excess and Surplus Lines, Specialty Admitted Insurance and Casualty Reinsurance. Each of the Company’s regulated insurance subsidiaries are rated “A-” (Excellent) by A.M. Best Company.

Visit James River Group Holdings, Ltd. on the web at www.jrvrgroup.com

For more information contact:

Brett Shirreffs
SVP, Finance, Investments and Investor Relations
InvestorRelations@jrgh.net


 
James River Group Holdings, Ltd. and Subsidiaries
Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheet Data
(Unaudited)
 
($ in thousands, except for share data)  March 31,
2023
  December 31,
2022
ASSETS      
Invested assets:      
Fixed maturity securities, available-for-sale, at fair value $ 1,898,758   $ 1,783,417
Equity securities, at fair value   116,091     118,627
Bank loan participations, at fair value   146,768     154,991
Short-term investments   25,061     107,812
Other invested assets   27,184     27,447
Total invested assets   2,213,862     2,192,294
       
Cash and cash equivalents   199,898     173,164
Restricted cash equivalents (a)   104,254     103,215
Accrued investment income   15,892     14,418
Premiums receivable and agents’ balances, net   326,499     340,525
Reinsurance recoverable on unpaid losses, net   1,541,497     1,520,113
Reinsurance recoverable on paid losses   158,761     114,242
Deferred policy acquisition costs   54,535     59,603
Goodwill and intangible assets   217,416     217,507
Other assets   372,473     401,994
Total assets $ 5,205,087   $ 5,137,075
       
LIABILITIES AND SHAREHOLDERS’ EQUITY      
Reserve for losses and loss adjustment expenses $ 2,841,993   $ 2,768,995
Unearned premiums   638,856     676,016
Funds held (a)   297,002     310,953
Deferred reinsurance gain   36,954     20,091
Senior debt   222,300     222,300
Junior subordinated debt   104,055     104,055
Accrued expenses   43,732     59,566
Other liabilities   284,382     276,435
Total liabilities   4,469,274     4,438,411
       
Series A redeemable preferred shares   144,898     144,898
Total shareholders’ equity   590,915     553,766
Total liabilities, Series A redeemable preferred shares, and shareholders’ equity $ 5,205,087   $ 5,137,075
       
Tangible equity (b) $ 555,351   $ 501,248
Tangible equity per share outstanding (b) $ 12.84   $ 11.63
Shareholders' equity per share outstanding $ 15.71   $ 14.78
Common shares outstanding   37,619,226     37,470,237
       
(a) Restricted cash equivalents and the funds held liability includes funds posted by the Company to a trust account for the benefit of a third party administrator handling the claims on the Rasier commercial auto policies in run-off. Such funds held in trust secure the Company's obligations to reimburse the administrator for claims payments, and are primarily sourced from the collateral posted to the Company by Rasier and its affiliates to support their obligations under the indemnity agreements and the loss portfolio transfer reinsurance agreement with the Company. The funds held liability also includes a notional funds withheld account balance related to the loss portfolio transfer retrocession transaction that our Casualty Reinsurance segment entered into in the first quarter of 2022, which is reduced quarterly by paid losses on the subject business.
(b) See “Reconciliation of Non-GAAP Measures”      


 
James River Group Holdings, Ltd. and Subsidiaries
Condensed Consolidated Income Statement Data
(Unaudited)
 
  Three Months Ended
March 31,
($ in thousands, except for share data) 2023   2022
REVENUES      
Gross written premiums $ 363,893     $ 359,936  
Net written premiums   183,220       175,859  
       
Net earned premiums   208,113       189,824  
Net investment income   25,772       16,267  
Net realized and unrealized gains (losses) on investments   407       (5,010 )
Other income   1,309       867  
Total revenues   235,601       201,948  
       
EXPENSES      
Losses and loss adjustment expenses (a)   155,288       135,608  
Other operating expenses   60,259       50,061  
Other expenses   603       368  
Interest expense   6,616       2,292  
Amortization of intangible assets   91       91  
Total expenses   222,857       188,420  
Income before taxes   12,744       13,528  
Income tax expense   3,136       3,323  
NET INCOME $ 9,608     $ 10,205  
Dividends on Series A preferred shares   (2,625 )     (875 )
NET INCOME AVAILABLE TO COMMON SHAREHOLDERS $ 6,983     $ 9,330  
ADJUSTED NET OPERATING INCOME (b) $ 21,591     $ 13,867  
       
INCOME PER COMMON SHARE      
Basic $ 0.19     $ 0.25  
Diluted $ 0.18     $ 0.25  
       
ADJUSTED NET OPERATING INCOME PER COMMON SHARE      
Basic $ 0.58     $ 0.37  
Diluted (c) $ 0.56     $ 0.37  
       
Weighted-average common shares outstanding:      
Basic   37,531,819       37,406,913  
Diluted   37,785,452       37,554,662  
Cash dividends declared per common share $ 0.05     $ 0.05  
       
Ratios:      
Loss ratio   66.5 %     71.4 %
Expense ratio (d)   28.4 %     26.0 %
Combined ratio   94.9 %     97.4 %
Accident year loss ratio   65.9 %     67.9 %
       
(a) Losses and loss adjustment expenses include a $16.9 million expense for unrecognized deferred retroactive reinsurance gain for the three months ended March 31, 2023.
(b) See "Reconciliation of Non-GAAP Measures".
(c) The outstanding Series A preferred shares were dilutive for the three months ended March 31, 2023. Dividends on the Series A preferred shares were added back to the numerator in the calculation and 5,640,158 common shares from an assumed conversion of the Series A preferred shares were included in the denominator.
(d) Calculated with a numerator comprising other operating expenses less gross fee income (in specific instances when the Company is not retaining insurance risk) included in “Other income” in our Condensed Consolidated Income Statements of $1.1 million and $800,000 for the three months ended March 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively, and a denominator of net earned premiums.


 
James River Group Holdings, Ltd. and Subsidiaries
Segment Results
 
EXCESS AND SURPLUS LINES
 
  Three Months Ended
March 31,
   
($ in thousands) 2023   2022   %
Change
Gross written premiums $ 228,903     $ 204,282     12.1 %
Net written premiums $ 147,430     $ 125,710     17.3 %
           
Net earned premiums $ 151,359     $ 131,301     15.3 %
Losses and loss adjustment expenses excluding retroactive reinsurance   (99,189 )     (84,925 )   16.8 %
Underwriting expenses   (32,175 )     (24,919 )   29.1 %
Underwriting profit (a) $ 19,995     $ 21,457     (6.8 )%
           
Ratios:          
Loss ratio   65.5 %     64.7 %    
Expense ratio   21.3 %     19.0 %    
Combined ratio   86.8 %     83.7 %    
Accident year loss ratio   65.7 %     64.7 %    
           
(a) See "Reconciliation of Non-GAAP Measures".


 
SPECIALTY ADMITTED INSURANCE
 
  Three Months Ended
March 31,
   
($ in thousands) 2023   2022   %
Change
Gross written premiums $ 124,551     $ 125,710     (0.9 )%
Net written premiums $ 26,725     $ 20,205     32.3 %
           
Net earned premiums $ 20,481     $ 19,318     6.0 %
Losses and loss adjustment expenses   (15,492 )     (15,435 )   0.4 %
Underwriting expenses   (5,458 )     (3,674 )   48.6 %
Underwriting (loss) profit (a), (b) $ (469 )   $ 209      
           
Ratios:          
Loss ratio   75.6 %     79.9 %    
Expense ratio   26.7 %     19.0 %    
Combined ratio   102.3 %     98.9 %    
Accident year loss ratio   76.5 %     79.6 %    
           
(a) See "Reconciliation of Non-GAAP Measures".          
(b) Underwriting results for the three months ended March 31, 2023 and 2022 include gross fee income of $5.7 million and $5.6 million, respectively.


   
CASUALTY REINSURANCE  
   
  Three Months Ended
March 31,
     
($ in thousands) 2023   2022   %
Change
 
Gross written premiums $ 10,439     $ 29,944     (65.1 )%
Net written premiums $ 9,065     $ 29,944     (69.7 )%
             
Net earned premiums $ 36,273     $ 39,205     (7.5 )%
Losses and loss adjustment expenses excluding retroactive reinsurance   (23,744 )     (35,248 )   (32.6 )%
Underwriting expenses   (12,223 )     (12,794 )   (4.5 )%
Underwriting profit (loss) (a) $ 306     $ (8,837 )    
             
Ratios:            
Loss ratio   65.5 %     89.9 %      
Expense ratio   33.7 %     32.6 %      
Combined ratio   99.2 %     122.5 %      
Accident year loss ratio   60.3 %     72.6 %      
             
(a) See "Reconciliation of Non-GAAP Measures".            
             

Underwriting Performance Ratios

The following table provides the underwriting performance ratios of the Company inclusive of the business subject to retroactive reinsurance accounting for loss portfolio transfers. There is no economic impact to the Company over the life of a loss portfolio transfer contract so long as any additional losses subject to the contract are within the limit of the loss portfolio transfer and the counterparty performs under the contract. Retroactive reinsurance accounting is not indicative of our current and ongoing operations. Management believes that providing loss ratios and combined ratios on business not subject to retroactive reinsurance accounting for loss portfolio transfers gives the users of our financial statements useful information in evaluating our current and ongoing operations.

  Three Months Ended
March 31,
  2023    2022 
Excess and Surplus Lines:      
Loss Ratio 65.5 %   64.7 %
Impact of retroactive reinsurance 7.7 %   %
Loss Ratio including impact of retroactive reinsurance 73.2 %   64.7 %
       
Combined Ratio 86.8 %   83.7 %
Impact of retroactive reinsurance 7.7 %   %
Combined Ratio including impact of retroactive reinsurance 94.5 %   83.7 %
       
Casualty Reinsurance:      
Loss Ratio 65.5 %   89.9 %
Impact of retroactive reinsurance 14.2 %   %
Loss Ratio including impact of retroactive reinsurance 79.7 %   89.9 %
       
Combined Ratio 99.2 %   122.5 %
Impact of retroactive reinsurance 14.2 %   %
Combined Ratio including impact of retroactive reinsurance 113.4 %   122.5 %
       
Consolidated:      
Loss Ratio 66.5 %   71.4 %
Impact of retroactive reinsurance 8.1 %   %
Loss Ratio including impact of retroactive reinsurance 74.6 %   71.4 %
       
Combined Ratio 94.9 %   97.4 %
Impact of retroactive reinsurance 8.1 %   %
Combined Ratio including impact of retroactive reinsurance 103.0 %   97.4 %
           

RECONCILIATION OF NON-GAAP MEASURES

Underwriting Profit

The following table reconciles the underwriting profit by individual operating segment and for the entire Company to consolidated income before taxes. We believe that the disclosure of underwriting profit by individual segment and of the Company as a whole is useful to investors, analysts, rating agencies and other users of our financial information in evaluating our performance because our objective is to consistently earn underwriting profits. We evaluate the performance of our segments and allocate resources based primarily on underwriting profit. We define underwriting profit as net earned premiums and gross fee income (in specific instances when the Company is not retaining insurance risk) less losses and loss adjustment expenses excluding the impact of loss portfolio transfers accounted for as retroactive reinsurance and other operating expenses. Other operating expenses include the underwriting, acquisition, and insurance expenses of the operating segments and, for consolidated underwriting profit, the expenses of the Corporate and Other segment. Our definition of underwriting profit may not be comparable to that of other companies.

  Three Months Ended
March 31,
($ in thousands) 2023   2022
Underwriting profit (loss) of the operating segments:      
Excess and Surplus Lines $ 19,995     $ 21,457  
Specialty Admitted Insurance   (469 )     209  
Casualty Reinsurance   306       (8,837 )
Total underwriting profit of operating segments   19,832       12,829  
Other operating expenses of the Corporate and Other segment   (9,282 )     (7,874 )
Underwriting profit (a)   10,550       4,955  
Losses and loss adjustment expenses - retroactive reinsurance   (16,863 )      
Net investment income   25,772       16,267  
Net realized and unrealized gains (losses) on investments   407       (5,010 )
Other expense   (415 )     (301 )
Interest expense   (6,616 )     (2,292 )
Amortization of intangible assets   (91 )     (91 )
Consolidated income before taxes $ 12,744     $ 13,528  
       
(a) Included in underwriting results for the three months ended March 31, 2023 and 2022 is gross fee income of $5.7 million and $5.6 million, respectively.
 

Adjusted Net Operating Income

We define adjusted net operating income as income available to common shareholders excluding a) the impact of loss portfolio transfers accounted for as retroactive reinsurance, b) net realized and unrealized gains (losses) on investments, c) certain non-operating expenses such as professional service fees related to a purported class action lawsuit, various strategic initiatives, and the filing of registration statements for the offering of securities, and d) severance costs associated with terminated employees. We use adjusted net operating income as an internal performance measure in the management of our operations because we believe it gives our management and other users of our financial information useful insight into our results of operations and our underlying business performance. Adjusted net operating income should not be viewed as a substitute for net income calculated in accordance with GAAP, and our definition of adjusted net operating income may not be comparable to that of other companies.

Our income available to common shareholders reconciles to our adjusted net operating income as follows:

  Three Months Ended March 31,
  2023   2022
($ in thousands) Income
Before
Taxes
  Net
Income
  Income
Before
Taxes
  Net
Income
Income available to common shareholders $ 10,119     $ 6,983     $ 12,653   $ 9,330
Losses and loss adjustment expenses - retroactive reinsurance   16,863       14,406          
Net realized and unrealized investment (gains) losses   (407 )     (373 )     5,010     4,190
Other expenses   575       575       347     347
Adjusted net operating income $ 27,150     $ 21,591     $ 18,010   $ 13,867
                           

Tangible Equity (per Share) and Tangible Common Equity (per Share)

We define tangible equity as shareholders' equity plus mezzanine Series A preferred shares and the unrecognized deferred retroactive reinsurance gain on loss portfolio transfers less goodwill and intangible assets (net of amortization). We define tangible common equity as tangible equity less mezzanine Series A preferred shares. Our definition of tangible equity and tangible common equity may not be comparable to that of other companies, and it should not be viewed as a substitute for shareholders’ equity calculated in accordance with GAAP. We use tangible equity and tangible common equity internally to evaluate the strength of our balance sheet and to compare returns relative to this measure. The following table reconciles shareholders’ equity to tangible equity and tangible common equity for March 31, 2023, December 31, 2022, and March 31, 2022.

  March 31, 2023   December 31, 2022   March 31, 2022
($ in thousands, except for share data) Equity   Equity per
share
  Equity   Equity per
share
  Equity   Equity per
share
Shareholders' equity $ 590,915   $ 15.71   $ 553,766   $ 14.78   $ 647,677   $ 17.30
Plus: Series A redeemable preferred shares   144,898         144,898         144,898    
Plus: Deferred reinsurance gain   36,954         20,091            
Less: Goodwill and intangible assets   217,416         217,507         217,779    
Tangible equity $ 555,351   $ 12.84   $ 501,248   $ 11.63   $ 574,796   $ 13.34
Less: Series A redeemable preferred shares   144,898         144,898         144,898    
Tangible common equity $ 410,453   $ 10.91   $ 356,350   $ 9.51   $ 429,898   $ 11.48
                       
Common shares outstanding   37,619,226         37,470,237         37,448,314    
Common shares from assumed conversion of Series A preferred shares   5,640,158         5,640,158         5,640,158    
Common shares outstanding after assumed conversion of Series A preferred shares   43,259,384         43,110,395         43,088,472    



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Source: James River Group Holdings, Ltd.